Artificial Intelligence (AI) is significantly transforming the healthcare industry by enabling highly accurate and efficient diagnostic solutions. This study examines the role of deep learning techniques, with a particular focus on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), in the analysis of medical images for disease detection, including pneumonia, cancer, and diabetic retinopathy. The paper evaluates model performance based on accuracy metrics, discusses the datasets utilized for training, and addresses ethical issues related to the implementation of AI in clinical environments.